Benzo(a)pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide induces human trophoblast Swan 71 cell dysfunctions due to cell apoptosis through disorder of mitochondrial fission/fusion

Schematic diagram of BPDE-induced human trophoblast Swan 71 cells dysfunctions due to cell apoptosis through the disorder of mitochondrial fission/fusion. BPDE exposure leads to increase in ROS, MDA, and inflammation, decrease in SOD. The increased oxidative stress increases mitochondrial membrane permeability and damages mitochondrial structures. The change in mitochondrial structures is due to decrease in fusion and increase in fission, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunctions. Subsequently, Cyt c is released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, leading to increasing in Activated-caspase 3, which further induces cell apoptosis. Finally, the apoptosis of Swan 71 cells decreases the invasion and HCG secretion abilities.103