Storm damage and the conversion of conifer plantations to native broadleaved woodland

In October 1987 a severe storm caused catastrophic damage to many conifer plantations across south-east England. During 2006 a survey was carried out to investigate the success of natural regeneration by trees and whether the new woodlands were typical of local native woodlands. All sites had regenerated successfully and comprised predominantly native broadleaved trees. Although stocking was good with 3000–11,000 stems ha−1 with the largest trees more than 10 m in height, Betula spp. dominated with only small amounts of other species such as Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus and Castanea sativa. The tree canopy was well-developed and cast dense shade; the ground flora was sparse comprising a range of species including Rubus fruticosus, Teucrium scorodonia, Dryopteris dilatata, Pteridium aquilinum and Hyacinthoides nonscripta. The woodlands were very similar in structure and species mixture, and most of the communities present were best described as comprising a Q. robur–P. aquilinum–R. fruticosus (NVC W10) community which is typical of many native woodlands in the area. The results are discussed in relation to current guidance in Great Britain that conversion of conifer plantations should take place gradually with the minimum of disturbance.