کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
8989639 | 1555480 | 2005 | 5 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Th1/Th2 polarization by viral and helminth infection in birds
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موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک
علوم دامی و جانورشناسی
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چکیده انگلیسی
Mammals developed an immune system able to functionally polarize into so-called type 1 or type 2 immune pathways, to resolve infections with intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. In the well-studied avian immune system of the chicken, however, no evidence for polarized immunity could be found, as yet. To investigate whether these two major arms of mammalian immunity, regulated by a T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine balance, evolved similarly in birds, chickens were exposed to a prevalent intracellular (viral) or extracellular (helminth) infection. By using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis we provide evidence that polarization of Th1/Th2 type immunity extends beyond mammalian species, and, therefore, has been evolutionary conserved for more than 300 million years, when the lineages of mammalian and avian vertebrates are assumed to have segregated.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Veterinary Microbiology - Volume 105, Issues 3â4, 25 February 2005, Pages 163-167
Journal: Veterinary Microbiology - Volume 105, Issues 3â4, 25 February 2005, Pages 163-167
نویسندگان
Winfried G.J. Degen, Nancy van Daal, Lisa Rothwell, Pete Kaiser, Virgil E.J.C. Schijns,