Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees

The effect of planting density on branch development was examined in 4-year-old Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. and Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. plantations located near the coast of north-eastern NSW. Branch diameter, angle and status (live or dead) were measured along the entire stem of trees established at 1250, 1667 and 3333 stems per hectare (sph). Measurements of tree height and stem diameter at breast height over bark (DBH) were also recorded. Results showed that with an increase in initial planting density from 1250 to 1667 sph, branch size decreased, branch mortality on the lower stem increased, branch angle became more acute and DBH decreased in trees of both E. pilularis and E. cloeziana. A further increase in initial planting density from 1667 to 3333 sph did not significantly reduce branch size or branch angle but did result in increased branch mortality and decreased DBH in both species. These results suggest that increasing initial planting density from 1250 to 1667 sph will improve early branch control. However, there is no advantage in establishing trees at 3333 sph rather than 1667 sph to reduce branch size or increase branch mortality in either species. Clearwood production on the lower stem in all stocking treatments of both species was negligible at age 4.