Development and evaluation of habitat models at multiple spatial scales: A case study with the dusky flycatcher

Models that describe habitat use can be used to guide management treatments that improve habitat conditions in commercial forests. We evaluated an existing habitat suitability index (HSI) model for the dusky flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) during the breeding season at site and breeding territory scales, and developed new habitat models at breeding territory and nest patch scales. We developed these models using data from a study of the breeding ecology of the dusky flycatcher in central Idaho (2002–2003) to predict habitat selection at the territory scale and reproductive success at the nest patch scale. The HSI model performed well, demonstrating significant association with habitat occupancy, nesting success, and number of fledglings per hectare at the study site scale. The HSI model also predicted habitat occupancy and vacancy at the territory scale for most sampled territories (98 and 100%, respectively). Territory and nest patch scale models predicted territory selection and nest patch success reasonably well (64 and 70% accuracy, respectively). We suggest that the models be used and validated in other geographic areas to determine the generality of their applicability.