A reciprocal translocation 46,XY,t(8;9)(p11.2;q13) in a bladder exstrophy patient disrupts CNTNAP3 and presents evidence of a pericentromeric duplication on chromosome 9

A patient with sporadic bladder exstrophy and de novo apparently balanced chromosomal translocation 46,XY,t(8;9)(p11.2;q13) was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular methods. We were able to map both translocation breakpoints to single genomic clones. The chromosome 8p11.2 breakpoint was mapped to BAC clone RP4-547J18, predicted to contain several hypothetical genes. Characterization of the chromosome 9q13 breakpoint indicated a disruption in the 5′ region of CNTNAP3 within BAC RP11-292B8. This observation suggests possible involvement of CNTNAP3 in the etiology of bladder exstrophy. Additionally, FISH analysis identified several genomic copies of CNTNAP3 on both sides of the chromosome 9 centromere flanking the polymorphic heterochromatin. Northern blot analysis of lymphoblast and bladder RNA confirmed CNTNAP3 transcripts in these tissues and did not show abnormal CNTNAP3 expression in the proband and two unrelated patients with bladder exstrophy. The identification of multiple copies of three BAC clones in the proband, his parents, and unrelated controls suggests that duplications of CNTNAP3 and the surrounding genomic region have occurred as a result of repeated events of unequal crossing over and pericentric inversions during chromosome 9 evolution.