کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
9194758 | 1580511 | 2005 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Dose-dependent activation of microglial cells by Toll-like receptor agonists alone and in combination
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی
ایمونولوژی
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چکیده انگلیسی
Microglial cells express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognising exogenous and endogenous ligands. Upon stimulation with agonists of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were released by primary mouse microglial cell cultures. Endotoxin was most potent in stimulating microglia followed by pneumolysin, cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligodesoxynucleotide (ODN), and Tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine. Maximum stimulation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 resulted in approximately equal amounts of nitric oxide release. Pneumolysin was a potent activator of microglial cells; at high concentrations, it reduced cell viability. No cytotoxicity was noted with the other TLR agonists. Costimulation with maximum concentrations of two TLR agonists did not further increase nitric oxide release. Costimulation with submaximum concentrations was additive or supraadditive, suggesting that even low concentrations of products of infectious agents can lead to microglial activation via TLRs.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Neuroimmunology - Volume 159, Issues 1â2, February 2005, Pages 87-96
Journal: Journal of Neuroimmunology - Volume 159, Issues 1â2, February 2005, Pages 87-96
نویسندگان
Sandra Ebert, Joachim Gerber, Steffi Bader, Frank Mühlhauser, Katrin Brechtel, Timothy J. Mitchell, Roland Nau,