Invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Central nervous system aspergillosis is a rare infectious complication in patients submitted to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. When it arises, this infection appears early post-transplant and most patients present with multiple central nervous system lesions. We report the clinical case of a 52 year old woman with IgGk multiple myeloma in relapse after a matched related allogeneic bone marrow transplant, who presented with a single large central nervous system Aspergillus lesion 11 months post-transplant in the setting of acute graft vs. host disease developing after the infusion of donor leucocytes. Although liposomal amphotericin B was promptly instituted, the patient died 1 week after the diagnosis.