Risk of Injury to Adjacent Organs with Lower-pole Fluoroscopically Guided Percutaneous Nephrostomy: Evaluation with Prone, Supine, and Multiplanar Reformatted CT

Lower-pole fluoroscopically guided percutaneous nephrostomy carries a low risk of visceral injury, and the risk of injury is overestimated by evaluation of axial CT images alone compared with oblique parasagittal reformations.