Prospective Study of Balloon Inflation Pressures and Other Technical Aspects of Hemodialysis Access Angioplasty

Conventional angioplasty balloons are inadequate for the treatment of most hemodialysis access stenoses. High pressures (>15 atm) are commonly needed for PTA in hemodialysis access. Very high pressures (>20 atm) are more frequently needed in native fistulas.