Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of amphetamine-like drugs in urine with headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The influence of several parameters on the efficiency of microextraction (type of fiber coating, extraction time, extraction temperature, etc.) was investigated. The SPME method developed provides good sensitivity with a calibration range from 0.5 to 1000 ng ml−1 for MDA, and 0.1-1000 ng ml−1 for AM, MA, MDMA and MDEA. The method detection limits (MDLs) are in the range 0.016-0.193 ng ml−1 with the studied drugs. This method was also successfully tested on real samples of urine from people who were suspected of using amphetamines.