Alvéolites Allergiques Extrinsèques Et Exposition Aux Moisissures

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is a pulmonary disease caused by a hypersensitive reaction to repeated inhalation of antigenic substances, particularly those of fungal origin. This article describes the epidemiology, etiology, symptomatology, radiological features, functional respiratory symptoms, biological diagnosis, diagnostic criteria and treatment of this extremely debilitating disease. Because of the wide spectrum of situations that can provoke EAA and because of the many antigens that can be involved, it is important to use an antigen panel which is varied and adaptable to specific circumstances. Serological methods like double diffusion, electrosyneresis on cellulose acetate and immuno-electrophoresis are useful for confirming exposure. The usefulness of environmental samples for diagnosis and treatment is highlighted because of the close relationship between exposure and disease. By implementing comprehensive procedures which include performing both detailed examinations for research of possible etiologies and biological investigations to confirm the antigens involved, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent aggravation and relapse of the disease.