X-chromosomal markers: Past, present and future

Experience gained in clinical genetics led to the fundamental idea of using X-chromosomal markers in a wide range of forensic applications. To date more than 30 STRs have been established as forensic markers. Joint typing of very tightly linked STRs yields stable haplotypes, and can be used for establishing the relationship between distant relatives, such as aunt–niece pairs and cousins. For such applications the new ChrX typing kit Argus X-8® which is commercially available now is a powerful tool. This paper is aimed at presenting a brief survey of historical developments and discussing present and future aspects of forensic X-chomosomal testing.