Ipratropium is 'luminally recycled' by an inter-play between apical uptake and efflux transporters in Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell layers
Keywords: پاپ; a-b; apical to basolateral; ALI; air-liquid interface; b-a; basolateral to apical; FITC; fluorescein isothiocyanate; HBSS; Hank's Balanced Salt Solution; IPRL; isolated perfused rat lungs; MATE; multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters; MRP; Multidrug