Detection of parvovirus and herpesvirus DNA in the blood of feline and canine blood donors

With the increase of blood transfusion in veterinary medicine, the presence of endemic viral agents in the blood should be carefully investigated. For this reason, the blood of feline and canine blood donors was screened to detect the presence of herpesviruses, especially gammaherpesviruses and parvoviruses, and to characterize the viruses detected. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 31 cats and 54 dogs, enrolled as voluntary blood donors. Nested PCR was carried out to detect herpesvirus and parvovirus DNA. Sequencing and real-time PCR were used to confirm and quantify positive samples. The feline and canine samples were negative for the presence of herpesviruses. Fourteen specimens of blood (45.16%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 27.78-63.70) from feline blood donors and two (3.7%, 95% CI: 0.64-13.84) from canine blood donors were positive for parvovirus DNA. The percentage positivity was significantly different in cats and dogs (P < 0.0001), giving an odds ratio of 21.41 (95% CI: 4.4-103.9). The lack of detection of herpesviral DNA confirms previous results obtained in dogs, but contrasts with the evidence of the worldwide distribution of gammaherpesviruses in cats. Selection of blood donors is a useful tool adopted to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections for the majority of known microorganisms. The results obtained for parvovirus, however, confirm the presence of this pathogen in the blood of healthy cats, with a significant difference from dogs. The implications of the detection of parvoviral DNA in the blood of donors must be clarified in order to exclude the risk of transmission.