Modeling long-term soil carbon dynamics and sequestration potential in semi-arid agro-ecosystems

► APSIM is able to simulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in various agro-ecosystems. ► Lucerne pasture is the most efficient cropping system for sequestering C. ► Water and nitrogen availability and their interaction explain >59% of the variation in soil C. ► Across sites, soil C change significantly and negatively relates to air temperature.