ANAMMOX process start up and stabilization with an anaerobic seed in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR)

► ANAMMOX process was started up and stabilized in AnMBR from anaerobic seed. ► It was initiated in batch mode with effluent recirculation, semi continuous, and continuous process. ► AnMBR was operated at NLR from 0.025 to 5 kg Amm-N as N/m3/d with 1-3 d HRT. ► ANAMMOX activity confirmed by nitrogen and organic levels with SEM images.