Vanadium doping patterns in ZnO lattices in the lattice compatibility theory framework

We investigate vanadium doping patterns in ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis for different controlled concentrations (1-5%). Lattice-scale analyses are carried out in the lattice compatibility theory (LCT) framework. Differences in vanadium doping behaviors for different concentrations are discussed in terms of Urbach tailing and the Faraday effect, as well as the intrinsic lattice patterns of the doping agent.