Quaternary fauna and flora of the Southern Urals region (Bashkortostan Republic)

From the 1960s a considerable amount of data on mammals, molluscs, and vegetation from Quaternary deposits of the Southern Urals region has been produced. The age of key stratigraphic localities was established by using different geological and palaeontological evidence, palaeomagnetic and absolute dating. The flora and fauna history is summarized for the southern part of the Urals. The result is that the history of fossil organic forms and plant associations could be traced, characteristic complexes could be recognized and a curve with changes in the vegetation could be constructed. Results of biostratigraphical investigations are given in the review.