Cerebral microglia mediate sleep/wake and neuroinflammatory effects of methamphetamine

► Pharmacological depletion of cerebral microglia attenuates waking effects of methamphetamine. ► Methamphetamine upregulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in microglia. ► Neuronal NOS knockout abolishes microglial NOS activation by methamphetamine. ► Methamphetamine alters sleep regulatory cytokine synthesis in microglia selectively.