Acidosis leads to neurological disorders through overexciting cortical pyramidal neurons

► Extracellular low pH impairs cortical pyramidal neurons in response to excitatory synaptic inputs. ► Extracellular low pH impairs the abilities of encoding spikes at these pyramidal neurons. ► Neuronal impairment is associated with the decreases of spike refractory periods and thresholds. ► Extracellular low pH impairs GABAergic synaptic transmission at these pyramidal neurons.