The contribution of thioredoxin-2 reductase and glutathione peroxidase to H2O2 detoxification of rat brain mitochondria

► We determined the role of Trx2-, GSH-systems and catalase for H2O2 detoxification. ► The contribution of the Trx2- and GSH-systems was in rat brain 60 ± 20% and 20 ± 15%. ► The Trx2- and GSH-systems predominantly detoxify mitochondrially produced H2O2. ► Interneurons and microglia showed strong response to inhibition of Trx2-, GSH-systems. ► Pyramidal cells and astrocytes showed weak response to inhibition of Trx2-, GSH-systems.