Human midbrain precursors activate the expected developmental genetic program and differentiate long-term to functional A9 dopamine neurons in vitro. Enhancement by Bcl-XL

► Human VM precursors retain long-term the capacity to generate A9 type DAn in culture. ► DAn commitment, differentiation and maturation gene cascades are correctly activated in time. ► Morphology and function of the DAn from hNSCs is undistinguishable from VM primary neurons. ► Neurogenesis and DAn yield in hVM1 cells is enhanced by a novel non-apoptotic Bcl-XL action. ► The forced expression of Bcl-XL in VM hNSCs anticipates and enhances DAn generation.