Rotavirus diversity among diarrheal children in Delhi, India during 2007-2012

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide and is responsible for around 100,000 deaths in India annually. Vaccination against rotavirus (RV) is a high priority: 'ROTAVAC' an indigenous vaccine will soon be licensed in India. Surveillance to determine the impact of vaccines on emerging RV strains is required. In this study we compared the pattern of RV strains circulating in Delhi over a 5 year period with the strains over the past 12 years. The most commonly detected G genotypes were G1 (22.4%), G2 (17.2%), and G9 (25.2%) with P[4] (25.5%), P[6] (20%) and P[8] (16.9%) specificity. G12 genotype was found to be the fourth common G-type with 14.8% prevalence. Among the G-P combinations; G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8] and G12P[6] were detected at 7.2%, 7.2%, 5.2% and 10%, respectively. Of note, G9P[4] and G2P[6] that were rarely detected during 2000-2007 in Delhi, were observed quite frequently with prevalence of 6.5% and 3.4%, respectively. In total, 16 different G-P combinations were detected in the present study demonstrating the rich diversity of rotavirus strains in Delhi. Our data from the 12 year period indicate wide circulation of G1 and G9 genotypes in combination with P[8], G2 with P[4] and G12 with P[6] with high frequency of RV strains having rare G-P combinations in Delhi. Since the indigenous vaccine 'ROTAVAC' has a monovalent formulation, the impact of vaccines on strains and the effect of strain diversity on the efficacy of the vaccine should be monitored.