Economic and clinical evaluation of a catch-up dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children already immunized with three doses of the 7-valent vaccine in Italy

► One dose of PCV13 to children immunized with 3 doses of PCV7 is debated in Italy. ► The Ministry of Health recommended catch-up until 24 months of age is cost-effective. ► The study justifies also 1 dose of PCV13 up to 36 months (adopted in some regions). ► The catch-up programme up to 60 months of age is also economically justified.