Bacillus atrophaeus inactivated spores as a potential adjuvant for veterinary rabies vaccine

► B. atrophaeus inactivated spores (BAIS) were tested as adjuvant for rabies vaccine. ► BAIS proved to be as effective as the adjuvant saponin in a murine model. ► BAIS and saponin combined resulted in even higher antibody titers against rabies. ► The combined formulation maintained viability for 21 months when stored at 4-8 °C.