What is the global economic impact of Neospora caninum in cattle - The billion dollar question

► A systematic review of literature conducted after a PubMed search for 'Neospora' and 'cattle'. ► Modelling after review suggests that the cost of Neospora caninum globally exceeds one billion US dollars. ► Approximately two-thirds of the costs of N. caninum are incurred by dairy industries world-wide. ► The cattle industries of North America incur two-thirds of the estimated overall global cost. ► At the farm level, costs exceed US $2,000 in only four countries (Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and the United States)..