Ionic liquid-functionalized graphene as modifier for electrochemical and electrocatalytic improvement: Comparison of different carbon electrodes

Electrochemical activities of typically electrochemical targets at three kinds of modified carbon electrodes, i.e. carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), graphene/carbon paste electrode (CPE), and ionic liquid-functionalized graphene (IL-graphene)/CPE, were compared in detail. The redox processes of the probes at IL-graphene/CPE were faster than those at CILE and graphene/CPE from cyclic voltammetry. An electrochemical method for the simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine was described with detection limits of 6.5 × 10−8 mol L−1 (guanine) and 3.2 × 10−8 mol L−1 (adenine). Single A → G mutation of sequence-specific DNA could be discriminated by the IL-graphene/CPE.