Non-chromatographic speciation of toxic arsenic in vegetables by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry after ultrasound-assisted extraction

A non-chromatographic, sensitive and simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of toxic arsenic species in vegetable samples by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry using a series of proportional equations. The method is based on a single extraction of the arsenic species considered from vegetables through sonication at room temperature with H3PO4 1 mol L−1 in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) Triton XT-114 and washing of the solid phase with 0.1% (w/v) EDTA, followed by direct measurement of the corresponding hydrides in four different experimental conditions. The limit of detection of the method was 3.1 ng g−1 for As(III), 3.0 ng g−1 for As(V), 1.5 ng g−1 for DMA and 1.9 ng g−1 for MMA, in all cases expressed in terms of sample dry weight. Recovery studies provided percentages greater than 91% for all considered species in spiked samples of chards and aubergines. Total toxic As found in the aforementioned samples was at the level of 90 ng g−1; As(III) is followed by As(V), DMA and MMA which are the main species of As in chards being As(V) the main As compound in aubergines.