Solid-state electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium [Ru(bpy)32+] has received considerable attention. By immobilizing Ru(bpy)32+ on an electrode surface, solid-state ECL provides several advantages over solution-phase ECL, such as reducing consumption of expensive reagent, simplifying experimental design and enhancing the ECL signal.This review presents the state of the art in solid-state ECL of Ru(bpy)32+. It briefly covers the mechanism of ECL of Ru(bpy)32+, some recent developments in fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors, analytical applications of ECL and alignment of ECL with capillary electrophoresis (CE), microchip CE, flow-injection analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography. It also indicates the outlook in this field.