Spray-on foam insulations for launch vehicle cryogenic tanks

► We test several spray-on foam insulation systems under cryogenic-vacuum conditions. ► Testing for thermal conductivity, surface area, and open-cell content. ► Specimens included machined and rinded with aged or weathered exposures. ► Standard thermal data and methods for actual-use cryogenic-vacuum conditions. ► Possible impacts on future space launch vehicle designs and flight performance.