Private space exploration: A new way for starting a spacefaring society?

• Space exploration in the past has been mainly dealt with by states or governmental organizations.
• Privates are increasingly involved in space activities, mainly in commercial ones.
• A new model for space exploration, mainly relying on private activities, is emerging.
• Private space exploration is particularly interesting when exploration is considered as the pre-requisite for exploitation.
• New business models and a rethinking of the legal frame for space activities are required.

Since the beginning space was an exclusive domain of public organizations, the role of privates is becoming more and more important, and not only in commercial activities. However, the main international treaties dealing with this subject are still based on the assumption that space activities are mostly reserved to states. In the last decade the idea that the role of privates could include the management of space infrastructures and launch vehicles gained support and now private launch services are a reality. An even wider role of privates is now advocated and private exploration and exploitation missions are discussed. This requires that space activity in general can generate an attractive return and those business models are identified.