A process model of technology innovation in governmental agencies: Insights from NASA’s science directorate

This paper investigates the process through which new technical concepts are matured in the NASA innovation ecosystem. We propose an “epoch–shock” conceptualization as an alternative mental model to the traditional stage–gate view. The epoch–shock model is developed inductively, based on detailed empirical observations of the process, and validated, to the extent possible, through expert review. The paper concludes by illustrating how the new epoch–shock conceptualization could provide a useful basis for rethinking feasible interventions to improve innovation management in the space agency context. Where the more traditional stage–gate model leads to an emphasis on centralized flow control, the epoch–shock model acknowledges the decentralized, probabilistic nature of key interactions and highlights which aspects may be influenced.

► We investigate the process of technology infusion in the NASA innovation ecosystem.
► We illustrate limitations of the incumbent stage–gate view, based on new primary data.
► We inductively develop an alternative “epoch–shock” model of the process.
► The E–S model provides a basis for re-thinking the technology management problem.