Orbit evolution, maintenance and disposal of SpaceChip swarms through electro-chromic control

The combined effect of solar radiation pressure, Earth oblateness and atmospheric drag on the orbital dynamics of satellites-on-a-chip (SpaceChips) is investigated for future swarm mission concepts. The natural evolution of the swarm is exploited to perform spatially distributed measurements of the upper layers of the atmosphere. The energy gain from asymmetric solar radiation pressure can be used to balance the energy dissipation from atmospheric drag. An algorithm for long-term orbit control is then designed, based on changing the reflectivity coefficient of the SpaceChips. The subsequent modulation of the solar radiation pressure allows stabilisation of the swarm in the orbital element phase space. It is shown that the orbit lifetime for such devices can be extended through the interaction of solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag and indeed selected and the end-of-life re-entry of the swarm can be ensured, by exploiting atmospheric drag.

► Effects of solar radiation pressure, aerodynamics drag, Earth oblateness on SpaceChip's orbit.
► Long-term orbit control through the change of reflectivity coefficient.
► Stabilisation of the swarm in a region of the phase space of eccentricity and Sun-perigee angle.
► Mission design of swarm of SpaceChips for distributed measurements of the Earth's atmosphere.
► Swarm lifetime set by the control algorithm and atmospheric drag exploited to ensure end-of-life decay.