Valuing software-based options for space systems flexibility

On-board software is a critical element in the operation and functionality of a space system. The functional requirements of space systems can change over time, and unforeseen failures can affect systems performance, thereby necessitating modifications and upgrades to the on-board software. Remote software upgrades as an option, can help space systems in operation to maintain their functionality in an uncertain environment, or even take advantage of uncertainty by adding novel applications or improving functionality while in space. In this paper, the concept of increasing flexibility of space systems through software is defined and some examples are discussed. The author presents a quantitative framework for measuring the value of flexibility in space systems. A case study on a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is presented and the value of flexibility introduced to the satellite by software upgrade is measured using the flexibility framework. The quantitative flexibility framework allows decision-makers to assess the extent of software flexibility their space systems can exhibit in the face of uncertainty.