Chang’E-1 observations of pickup ions near the Moon under different interplanetary magnetic field conditions

Detailed features of the near-Moon pickup ions under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions are investigated using data obtained from the solar wind ion detector (SWID-B) onboard Chang'E-1. In the event studied, Chang'E-1 was on a noon-midnight meridian orbit and the field-of-view of the SWID-B was in the satellite orbital plane. The observations show that the pickup energy detected depends not only on where these particles are detected but also on their incident angles. As the spacecraft moved into the wake from the South Pole along the midnight meridian, wider incident angle distributions were measured. When IMF Bx was significant, the pickup ions had a strong velocity component parallel to the magnetic field, and the efficiency of acceleration was reduced when the IMF By decreased. The back tracking calculations show that the possible source of the pickup ions is solar wind ions scattered/reflected on the lunar surface in a wide area over the dayside of the Moon, from both magnetic and nonmagnetic anomaly regions. A three dimensional analysis performed on the asymmetric properties of the pick-up ions can explain most of the particle behavior observed near the Moon under different IMF conditions.

► Near-Moon pickup ions feather under different IMF conditions.
► Features of pickup ions closely related to IMF conditions.
► Pickup ions are scattered and sensitively location-dependent in deep wake.
► Pickup ions with strong parallel velocity are observed when the IMF Bx became significant.
► Detected pickup ions come from a wide area over the dayside surface of the Moon.