Innovative observing strategy and orbit determination for Low Earth Orbit space debris

We present the results of a large scale simulation, reproducing the behavior of a data center for the build-up and maintenance of a complete catalog of space debris in the upper part of the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) region. The purpose is to determine the performances of a network of advanced optical sensors, through the use of the newest correlation and orbit determination algorithms. This network is foreseen for implementation in a Space Situational Awareness system, such as the future European one. The conclusion is that it is possible to use a network of optical sensors to build up a catalog containing more than 98% of the objects with perigee height between 1100 and 2000 km, which would be observable by a reference radar system selected as comparison. It is also possible to maintain such a catalog within the accuracy requirements motivated by collision avoidance, and to detect catastrophic fragmentation events. The obtained results depend upon specific assumptions on the sensor and on the software technologies.

► Space Situational Awareness for debris requires radar and optical sensors.
► For Low Earth Orbit optical sensors can catalog 98.
► Innovative telescopes, observing strategies and orbit determination are required.
► Orbits accurate enough for collision avoidance can be determined by tasking observations.
► Fragmentation events can be detected and assessed in few days.