Electrochemical modification of glassy carbon electrode by poly-4-nitroaniline and its application for determination of copper(II)

Electrochemical modification of glassy carbon (GC) electrode by poly-4-nitroaniline (P4NA), electrochemical reduction of P4NA and applicability of electrode modified in this way for determination of copper(II) (Cu(II)) is reported in this study. Electrochemical surface modification was performed by cyclic voltammetry in the potential range between +0.9 V and +1.4 V vs. Ag/Ag+ (in 10 mM AgNO3) at the scan rate of 100 mV/s by 100 cycles in non-aqueous media. In order to provide electrochemical reduction of nitro groups on the P4NA-modified GC electrode surface (P4NA/GC), the cyclic voltammograms inducing/evidencing the reduction of nitro groups were performed in the potential range between −0.1 V and −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl/(sat.KCl) at the scan rate of 100 mV/s. The reduced P4NA/GC surfaces (Reduced-P4NA/GC) were treated with aqueous solution of nitrilotriacetic acid. The sensitivity of GC electrode modified in described way towards Cu(II) was investigated in Britton-Robinson buffer solution, pH 5.0. The potentiometric generic pulse technique was applied as innovative electrochemical method for detection of analytical signal. It was shown that GC electrodes modified in here described way will be suitable for the determination of Cu(II) in technological waste water and/or some other solutions containing Cu(II) ions.