Systematic study on ROS production induced by oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids in human and rat neutrophils

The effects of oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids on the production of ROS by unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils were investigated by using five techniques: luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, cytochrome c, hydroethidine, and phenol red reduction. Using lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, an increase in extracellular superoxide levels was observed by the treatment of neutrophils with the fatty acids. There was also an increase in intracellular ROS levels under similar conditions as measured by the hydroethidine technique. An increment in the intra- and extracellular levels of H2O2 was also observed in neutrophils treated with oleic acid as measured by phenol red reduction assay. In the luminol technique, peroxidase activity is required in the reaction of luminol with ROS for light generation. Oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids inhibited the myeloperoxidase activity in stimulated neutrophils. So, these fatty acids jeopardize the results of ROS content measured by this technique. Oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids per se led to cytochrome c reduction and so this method also cannot be used to measure ROS production induced by fatty acids. Oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids do stimulate ROS production by neutrophils; however, measurements using the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction techniques require further analysis.