CRLI induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation and suggests a dual mechanism of eNOS activation by legume lectins via muscarinic receptors and shear stress

Lectins are proteins able to recognize carbohydrates, without modifying their structure, via the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). Here, the three-dimensional structure of the mannose-binding lectin isolated from Cymbosema roseum (CRLI) was determined with X-man molecule modeled into the carbohydrate recognition domain. CRLI relaxant activity in thoracic rat aorta was also investigated, and based on the results, a molecular docking of CRLI with heparan sulfate was performed to investigate the possible interaction with mechanoreceptors involved in vasorelaxation. CRLI (IC50 = 12.4 μg mL−1) elicited vasorelaxant response (96%) in endothelialized rat aorta contracted with phenylephrine. Endothelium-derived relaxant factors, extracellular calcium (Ca2+e) and muscarinic receptors were also evaluated as putative participants in the CRLI relaxant effect. CRLI relaxant effect was blocked by L-NAME, a nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and partially inhibited in a calcium-free solution (0Ca) and by atropine, but it remained unchanged in the presence of indomethacin and TEA. In summary, our data suggest interaction between CRLI and muscarinic receptors located in vascular endothelial cells leading to NOS activation triggered by a mechanism that involves Ca2+e along with the ability of CRLI to interact with heparan sulfate, a highly rated mechanoreceptor involved in eNOS activation.