Human milk SIgA binds to botulinum type B 16S toxin and limits toxin adherence on T84 cells

Botulinum neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum type B is in the form of a complex of 12S and 16S toxins. Food-borne botulism is caused by these complex toxins which are ingested orally and absorbed from the digestive tract. Here, we show that the human milk SIgA binds to the type B16S toxin. The binding of SIgA to 16S toxin and HA was inhibited by carbohydrates such as galactose, suggesting that the interaction of carbohydrate side chain of the SIgA with the HA of the 16S toxin is important for SIgA–16S complex formation. We also demonstrate that SIgA inhibits the attachment of 16S toxin to intestinal epithelial cells. These data suggest that the interaction of antigen nonspecific SIgA with 16S toxin has a large influence on the absorption of 16S toxin from the intestinal epithelium, and that SIgA may provide insight into developing a therapeutic agent for type B food-borne botulism.