Maternal and dietary carotenoids interactively affect cutaneous basophil responses in growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

This trial examined effects of lutein supplied from maternal (i.e., in ovo) and dietary routes on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity responses in chickens. Chicks hatched from one of two in ovo carotenoid levels (n = 100/level; carotenoid-replete or carotenoid-deplete eggs) were fed one of two diet lutein levels (0 or 40 mg diet lutein/kg diet). At 14 d post-hatch, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was injected into the wing web, and thickness and leukocyte populations were measured at 0 to 48 h. PHA increased wing web thickness at 4 to 48 h post-PHA (p < 0.05), and the swelling response was most related to macrophage numbers in the wing web. Swelling occurred more rapidly in chicks from carotenoid-deplete eggs (p < 0.05), but eventually reached a greater thickness in chicks from carotenoid-replete eggs (p < 0.05). Differences in leukocyte infiltration occurred due to diet and in ovo carotenoid exposure, and indicate that pre- and post-hatch carotenoid exposure had additive or synergistic effects on the PHA-induced wing web response. Evaluation of the cellular contents of the injection site is a much better indicator of the immunomodulatory effects of lutein than measurements of the amount of swelling.