Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine

Environment friendly alternative energy sources need to be developed in order to meet the burgeoning demand for fossil fuels for transportation. Utilization of vegetable oils as biodiesel is most accepted route. Yield and quality of biodiesel is dependent on feedstock quality specially moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) content. In this study, biodiesel was produced from high free fatty acid neem oil using a two step process i.e. esterification followed by transesterification. This biodiesel was characterized for its physical, chemical and thermal properties. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of this biodiesel and its various blends with mineral diesel were compared with baseline data in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Brake specific fuel consumption for biodiesel and its blends was higher than mineral diesel and brake thermal efficiency of all biodiesel blends was found to be higher than mineral diesel. Brake specific CO and HC emissions for biodiesel fuelled engine were lower than mineral diesel but NO emissions were higher for biodiesel blends. Detailed combustion characterization revealed that combustion starts earlier for higher biodiesel blends however start of combustion was slightly delayed for lower blends of biodiesel in comparison with mineral diesel. Rate of heat release for all biodiesel blends were almost identical to mineral diesel. Combustion duration for biodiesel blends was found to be shorter than mineral diesel. Biodiesel produced from high FFA neem oil is found to be marginally inferior compared to mineral diesel.

► Biodiesel production from high FFA Neem oil using two step processes.
► BSFC and BTE for test fuels were higher than diesel.
► BSCO and BSHC for test fuels were lower than diesel however BSNOx was higher.
► Combustion starts earlier for higher biodiesel blends, B20 can be used in engines without compromising performance & emissions.
► Delayed SOC for lower biodiesel blends & shorter combustion duration compared to diesel.