کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
2402939 1102870 2012 7 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Indirect, out-of-pocket and medical costs from influenza-related illness in young children
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی ایمونولوژی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Indirect, out-of-pocket and medical costs from influenza-related illness in young children
چکیده انگلیسی

BackgroundStudies have documented direct medical costs of influenza-related illness in young children, however little is known about the out-of-pocket and indirect costs (e.g., missed work time) incurred by caregivers of children with medically attended influenza.ObjectiveTo determine the indirect, out-of-pocket (OOP), and direct medical costs of laboratory-confirmed medically attended influenza illness among young children.MethodsUsing a population-based surveillance network, we evaluated a representative group of children aged <5 years with laboratory-confirmed, medically attended influenza during the 2003–2004 season. Children hospitalized or seen in emergency department (ED) or outpatient settings in surveillance counties with laboratory-confirmed influenza were identified and data were collected from medical records, accounting databases, and follow-up interviews with caregivers. Outcome measures included work time missed, OOP expenses (e.g., over-the-counter medicines, travel expenses), and direct medical costs. Costs were estimated (in 2009 US Dollars) and comparisons were made among children with and without high risk conditions for influenza-related complications.ResultsData were obtained from 67 inpatients, 121 ED patients and 92 outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Caregivers of hospitalized children missed an average of 73 work hours (estimated cost $1456); caregivers of children seen in the ED and outpatient clinics missed 19 ($383) and 11 work hours ($222), respectively. Average OOP expenses were $178, $125 and $52 for inpatients, ED-patients and outpatients, respectively. OOP and indirect costs were similar between those with and without high risk conditions (p > 0.10). Medical costs totaled $3990 for inpatients and $730 for ED-patients.ConclusionsOut-of-pocket and indirect costs of laboratory-confirmed and medically attended influenza in young children are substantial and support the benefits of vaccination.


► Unique cost analyses of laboratory-confirmed influenza illnesses in young children.
► Data on caregivers’ work time lost, out-of-pocket and medical costs were collected.
► Analyses segregate patients by level of medical care sought and complication risk.
► Estimates of caregivers’ work time lost and out-of-pocket expenses were sizable.
► These estimates were substantially higher than those assumed in other studies.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Vaccine - Volume 30, Issue 28, 13 June 2012, Pages 4175–4181
نویسندگان
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