Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination induces memory CD4+ T cells characterized by effector biomarker expression and anti-mycobacterial activity

The effector mechanisms used by CD4+ T cells to control mycobacteria differ between humans and rodent models of TB and should be investigated in additional animal models. In these studies, the bovine model was used to characterize the mycobactericidal CD4+ T cell response induced by vaccination with the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Antigenic stimulation of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from BCG-vaccinated cattle enhanced expression of perforin and IFNγ in cells expressing a CD45RA−CD45RO+CD62L+ cell surface phenotype, enhanced transcription of granulysin, IFNγ, perforin, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-21, and enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity of CD4+ T cells against BCG-infected macrophages.