In vitro inhibition of dengue virus entry by p-sulfoxy-cinnamic acid and structurally related combinatorial chemistries

The anti-adhesive compound p-sulfoxy-cinnamic acid, zosteric acid (ZA), is derived from the temperate marine eelgrass, Zostera marina. ZA and five combinatorial chemistries based on ZA were evaluated for their anti-viral properties against dengue virus in a focus forming unit reduction assay. None of the compounds showed evidence of toxicity to the monkey kidney cell line LLCMK-2 over the concentration ranges tested. ZA showed a modest IC50 of approximately 2.3 mM against DENV-2. Three other compounds showed IC50 values of 2.5, 2.4, 0.3 mM, with a fourth not achieving a 50% inhibitory concentration against DENV-2. The most active compound, CF 238, showed IC50 values of 24, 46, 14 and 47 μM against DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4, respectively. CF 238 showed evidence of inhibition at an entry step in the viral life cycle and enhanced virus:cell binding as evidenced by a quantitative RT-PCR assay system. CF 238 may promote inappropriate virus:cell attachments common to all DENV strains that interfere with receptor interactions required for viral entry. These and other related chemistries may be useful as reagents for studying DENV entry, capturing and detecting DENV, and development of pharmaceuticals.