Replacement of dietary soy protein isolate with concentrates of soy 7S or 11S globulin has minimal or no effects on plasma lipoprotein profiles and biomarkers of coronary risk in monkeys

Effects of soy peptide fractions on risk factors for coronary heart disease are unknown. We compared the effects of a soy protein isolate, a soy 7S fraction concentrate and a soy 11S fraction concentrate on total plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol in adult male cynomolgus monkeys. Effects on biomarkers of coronary risk [soluble E-selectin, vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] were also determined. Relative to a soy- and isoflavone-free diet (casein and lactalbumin as the source of protein), soy protein isolate had the predicted favorable effects on plasma lipoproteins, i.e., reductions in total and VLDL + LDL cholesterol (8 and 14%, respectively) (P's < 0.05) and a 41% increase in HDL (P < 0.05). Effects of 7S and 11S on these variables were less favorable. In fact, there was a 7% increase in total plasma cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05) in monkeys fed 7S that was accounted for primarily by an increase in VLDL + LDL cholesterol. There was no effect of any protein source on cardiovascular biomarkers. Replacement of dietary soy protein isolate with concentrated 7S or 11S does not result in improvement of plasma lipoprotein profiles or cardiovascular biomarkers in monkeys.