Costs of epilepsy and their predictors: Cross-sectional study in Germany and review of literature

► Epilepsy is associated with a considerable use of health-care resources and the loss of productivity. ► Hospitalization and AED costs are major direct cost factors. ► Active epilepsy, focal epilepsy syndromes and higher seizure frequency predicted higher medication and total direct costs. ► Only seizure remission was associated with lower indirect costs.