Des attracteurs et régulateurs en pathologie mentale. Approche théorique, informatique, et clinique

RésuméLes troubles mentaux peuvent être conçus à partir d’une représentation énergétique d’ensemble du système psychique. À ce titre, une perspective théorique incite à évoquer un ensemble de réseaux de flux psychiques, leurs variations énergétiques sous l’effet d’attracteurs affaiblissant les régulations du système, ainsi que les flux neuronaux et interneuronaux qui participent à ces variations. Les concepts d’attracteurs et de régulateurs sont précisés en conscience artificielle par une informatique constructiviste. Leur action est évoquée en clinique pour les principaux états névrotiques et psychotiques. L’action unitaire et polymorphe de ces attracteurs et régulateurs est ensuite envisagée suivant leurs liens avec les divers niveaux d’organisation, leur retentissement sur l’intégration de ces formations, et leurs effets sur les composants des flux psychiques. Une conclusion souligne enfin le rapprochement entre la clinique et l’informatique à ce sujet, ainsi que la possibilité de modélisations qui en résulte.

We can understand the mental disorders as bifurcations in the representations generated by the psychic system, using an informational and morphological notion of energy. In this way, the clinician should use an interdisciplinary perspective that encourages studying their internal dynamics in a fine reconciliation with the informatics concepts lighting on the automatisms of the thought. To this effect, a theoretical perspective leads to evoke a set of psychic flow networks, the changes of energy into these flow, and the role of neuronal and interneuron flows that are theirs retaining. These networks will form dynamic elements evolving and multiplying themselves and forming various integrated levels. The whole form a very complex and dynamic organization. These networks are subject to tensions that will sound on the regulation of the system and contribute to create bifurcations in management of general energy leading to mental disorders. Constructivist informatics defines the attractors as controllers of the networks of relations that can become autonomous and alter the morphology and behavior of the structure of the basic elements of the system, as well as their aggregates. They contribute to form the morphological and semantic characters into the system. They are related to regulators, which are themselves coactive networks that manage and control the basic elements and structures of the system allowing the real behavior. These attractors and regulators intervene at each level of the organization and contribute to form a systemic loop that controls the energy flow in multi-scale actions on the basic elements. Their effects combine themselves, leading to the creation of zones of bifurcations of energy that break the equilibrium of the system. Without a priori pretend to put an identity between the phenomena studied in clinic and the attractors and regulators specified into informatics, one could see a very possible reconciliation. Indeed, on can found the action of attractors and regulators in various states of disease. Their actions are mentioned in the superficial dysfunctions of the system that constitute the neurosis: anguish, anxiety, somatic conversions, phobias, obsessions… It is also proposed in the deeper problems that reach the general loop regulating the psychic system and the functional structures, changing their modes of development and their integrations, forming the psychosis: Processes of excitement, of unstructured depressions, delusions, hallucinations. A confrontation of these different concepts allows to well understand the both unitary and polymorphic action of the attractors and regulators in the formation of mental disorders. The clinic shows that the limits of the pathological functional structures are not frozen and that their areas of neighborhoods are pertinent in specific topologies, somewhat fuzzy, in report with the various underlying neurological formations. Their integration since interneuron spaces with modulators neurons until their effects onto the components of psychopathological formations, finally allow to better understand the general dynamics of the disorders, their associations, their movements and their possible transformations. To draw a conclusion, we set the clinic and informatics must join themselves in the field of the automatism in the thought where we consider the concepts of attractors and regulators. These two kinds of controllers concern both the levels of organization and the general regulation of their integration, and they are responsible of all the bifurcations that lead to the mental disorders. For that, it is possible and important to increase and develop the model allowing clarifying the inner laws of the normal and pathological psychic functioning.