Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Schizophrenia is a highly disabling and limiting disorder for patients and the possibility that infections by some microorganisms may be associated to its development may allow prevention and recovery. In the current study we have done a meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the possible association between detection of different infectious agents and schizophrenia. We report results that support the idea that there is a statistically significant association between schizophrenia and infection by Human Herpesvirus 2 (OR = 1.34; CI 95%: 1.09–1.70; p = 0.05), Borna Disease Virus (OR = 2.03; CI 95%: 1.35–3.06; p < 0.01), Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (OR = 19.31; CI 95%: 6.74–55.29; p < 0.001), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (OR = 6.34; CI 95%: 2.83–14.19; p < 0.001), Chlamydophila psittaci (OR = 29.05; CI 95%: 8.91–94.70; p < 0.001) and Toxoplasma gondii (OR = 2.70; CI 95%: 1.34–4.42; p = 0.005). The implications of these findings are discussed and further research options are also explicated.